Detection and classification of pneumonia using the Orange3 data mining tool

Abstract

A chest X-ray can convey a lot about a patient's condition. However, it requires a specialized and skilled doctor to determine the type of lung disease with high accuracy. Here comes the role of deep learning techniques (DL) and artificial intelligence (AI) in accelerating the process of detecting lung diseases and classifying them with high precision, which saves time and effort for the patient and the doctor alike. This work presents a proposed model for a machine learning (ML) and AI system to analyze chest X-ray images and categorize them into four cases normal, viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The system relies on extracting Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) features from a dataset consisting of 4,800 chest X-ray images, and then these features are used to train four basic classifiers based on the data mining tool Orange3, which are adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), decision trees (DTs), gradient boosting (GB), and random forest (RF). The model was tested and evaluated, where the AdaBoost classifier excelled with an accuracy of 100%, followed by RF with an accuracy of 99.5%. Finally, GB and DTs came with a classification accuracy of 98.5%, and 97.2%, respectively.