Design of higher gain linearly polarized 2×2 microstrip patch array antenna for wireless communication

Abstract

The fifth-generation technology is popular and best as far as data rates are concerned for wireless applications. To meet the increased demand of the modern world for faithful communication, this research work is carried out. In this approach, a single patch, 1×2 array, and 2×2 array are designed using a low-cost FR4 dielectric substrate (Є𝑟=4.4) covering the 3.3–3.8 GHz frequency band. Due to the lack of gain from arrays in the present research, an attempt is made to achieve excellent gain from arrays with a minimum number of patches. First, the gain of a single inset-fed antenna is compared with another normal single patch of the same thickness but with an additional air dielectric medium. Next, the second single patch is extended to obtain a rectangular 1×2 array and a 2×2 array antenna. A second single patch measuring 50×32.5×0.8 mm is designed assuming an infinite ground plane. It has 3 mm air gap between the patch strip and the ground. Air acts as a second dielectric layer that reduces power loss. This allows a maximum gain of 15.2 dB with a return loss of -22 dB. Also, antenna efficiency and bandwidth are 91% and 267.69 MHz, respectively.