This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.17 (MiKTeX 2.9.6100 64-bit) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2016.12.4)  19 JUL 2017 15:37
entering extended mode
**./introduction.tex
(introduction.tex
LaTeX2e <2016/03/31> patch level 3
Babel <3.9r> and hyphenation patterns for 75 language(s) loaded.

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l.1 T
     he CMOS technology is at the verge of the miniaturization and it needs ...

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Missing character: There is no x in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no C in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
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Overfull \hbox (20.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1--2
[]
 []


! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}.

See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              
                                                  
l.3 O
     ver the years, many different schemes for digital logic using single el...

You're in trouble here.  Try typing  <return>  to proceed.
If that doesn't work, type  X <return>  to quit.

Missing character: There is no O in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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\citation{likharev1987single}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.3 ...ple,uchida2003programmable,abutaleb2015new}
                                                  . In another scheme the lo...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `likharev1987single' on page  undefined on input line 3
.

Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont!
\citation{tucker1992complementary}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.3 ...ple,uchida2003programmable,abutaleb2015new}
                                                  . In another scheme the lo...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `tucker1992complementary' on page  undefined on input l
ine 3.

Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont!
\citation{fukui1995simple}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.3 ...ple,uchida2003programmable,abutaleb2015new}
                                                  . In another scheme the lo...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `fukui1995simple' on page  undefined on input line 3.

Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont!
\citation{uchida2003programmable}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.3 ...ple,uchida2003programmable,abutaleb2015new}
                                                  . In another scheme the lo...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `uchida2003programmable' on page  undefined on input li
ne 3.

Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont!
\citation{abutaleb2015new}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.3 ...ple,uchida2003programmable,abutaleb2015new}
                                                  . In another scheme the lo...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `abutaleb2015new' on page  undefined on input line 3.

Missing character: There is no ] in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no y in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no [ in font nullfont!
\citation{likharev1987single}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.3 ...tallic electrodes \cite{likharev1987single}
                                                  . While such a scheme can ...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `likharev1987single' on page  undefined on input line 3
.

Missing character: There is no ] in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no W in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no y in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
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\citation{tucker1992complementary}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.3 ...equent gates \cite{tucker1992complementary}
                                                  .
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `tucker1992complementary' on page  undefined on input l
ine 3.

Missing character: There is no ] in font nullfont!
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Overfull \hbox (20.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--4
[]
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Overfull \hbox (5.43053pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--4
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Overfull \hbox (5.43053pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--4
[]
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Overfull \hbox (5.43053pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--4
[]
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Overfull \hbox (5.43053pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--4
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Overfull \hbox (5.43053pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--4
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Overfull \hbox (5.43053pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--4
[]
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Overfull \hbox (5.43053pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--4
[] 
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! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}.

See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              
                                                  
l.5 S
     ingle electron transistors (SET) based on silicon have been previously ...

You're in trouble here.  Try typing  <return>  to proceed.
If that doesn't work, type  X <return>  to quit.

Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont!
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\citation{zhuang1998silicon}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.5 ...998silicon,kim2002single,samanta2017single}
                                                  . In order to operate the ...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `zhuang1998silicon' on page  undefined on input line 5.


Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont!
\citation{kim2002single}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.5 ...998silicon,kim2002single,samanta2017single}
                                                  . In order to operate the ...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `kim2002single' on page  undefined on input line 5.

Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont!
\citation{samanta2017single}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.5 ...998silicon,kim2002single,samanta2017single}
                                                  . In order to operate the ...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `samanta2017single' on page  undefined on input line 5.


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Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
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\citation{tanahashi2014peak}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.5 ...d be less than 5nm \cite{tanahashi2014peak}
                                                  . The nano-lithography tec...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `tanahashi2014peak' on page  undefined on input line 5.


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Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no T in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no C in font nullfont!
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\citation{manual2014silvaco}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.5 ..., using Atlas TCAD \cite{manual2014silvaco}
                                                   with non-equilibrium Gree...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `manual2014silvaco' on page  undefined on input line 5.


Missing character: There is no ] in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no - in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no N in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no E in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no F in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no A in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no N in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no E in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no F in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
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\citation{anantram2008modeling}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.6 ...del nanodevices \cite{anantram2008modeling}
                                                  . The transport through qu...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `anantram2008modeling' on page  undefined on input line
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\citation{zimbovskaya2008electron}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.6 ...technique in \cite{zimbovskaya2008electron}
                                                  . ii) We propose transmiss...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `zimbovskaya2008electron' on page  undefined on input l
ine 6.

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\citation{mehdy2016efficient}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.6 ...tended version of \cite{mehdy2016efficient}
                                                  , uses transmission spectr...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `mehdy2016efficient' on page  undefined on input line 6
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\citation{wasshuber1997simon}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.6 ...arlo based models \cite{wasshuber1997simon}
                                                   are accurate but very tim...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `wasshuber1997simon' on page  undefined on input line 6
.

Missing character: There is no ] in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no M in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no [ in font nullfont!
\citation{yu1999macromodeling}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.6 ...ing based models \cite{yu1999macromodeling}
                                                  \cite{ghosh2016modified} a...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `yu1999macromodeling' on page  undefined on input line 
6.

Missing character: There is no ] in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no [ in font nullfont!
\citation{ghosh2016modified}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.6 ...u1999macromodeling}\cite{ghosh2016modified}
                                                   are efficient but provide...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `ghosh2016modified' on page  undefined on input line 6.


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\citation{lee2002practical}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.6 ...ls based on physics \cite{lee2002practical}
                                                   and master equation \cite...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `lee2002practical' on page  undefined on input line 6.

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\citation{miyaji2006compact}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.6 ...nd master equation \cite{miyaji2006compact}
                                                   solve this problem but th...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `miyaji2006compact' on page  undefined on input line 6.


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\citation{mahapatra2004analytical}
! Undefined control sequence.
<write> ...: Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage 
                                                  \space undefined\on@line .
l.6 ...apapcitances \cite{mahapatra2004analytical}
                                                  . These models require the...
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


LaTeX Warning: Citation `mahapatra2004analytical' on page  undefined on input l
ine 6.

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Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
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Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no y in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no F in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no L in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no T in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no x in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont!
Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont!
)
! Emergency stop.
<*> ./introduction.tex
                      
*** (job aborted, no legal \end found)

 
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
 28 strings out of 493333
 520 string characters out of 3139194
 55242 words of memory out of 3000000
 3657 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+200000
 3948 words of font info for 15 fonts, out of 3000000 for 9000
 1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
 20i,2n,26p,2071b,93s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,50000s
!  ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!
